Europeans seem reluctant to implement trade measures against China, for fear of a trade war. They need to think hard about what they want to achieve.

Secure supply chains for chemicals are as important for European security as for critical minerals. The EU needs to take this more seriously.

Closer cooperation with the Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) would provide an answer to the problems the EU is facing.

China and the United States have always used economic statecraft, while Brussels preferred to think about economic security. This needs to change.